Trench maps illustrate the innovative survey, compilation, and printing technologies that advanced rapidly during the conflict. Accurate locations, and the distances and bearings between them were essential for the artillery, and all the maps show the British Trench Map Grid System as a prominent overlay, a unique referencing system often used in associated written records. These are often referred to in the written histories of the War, including personal war diaries and official regimental accounts. They record the names that soldiers gave the trenches, as well as the names of nearby farms, villages, woods, and other landmarks. They show in detail the changing Front Line and its associated communication trenches, as well as the location of enemy positions and defences including artillery gun emplacements, machine guns, mines, wire entanglements, and observation posts. Trench maps are a primary source for studying the major battlefields of the Great War. Trenches just east of Arras, revised to 4 March 1917 1:20,000 trench map showing British (blue) and German (red)
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